UMassCTF 2026 - Deep Down

There’s something in the water…

Initial Analysis

The challenge provides a GIF file (CHALL.gif). Inspecting the file with standard tools reveals a 12-frame animation.

File Analysis: Running identify -verbose CHALL.gif shows that the image uses an 8-color Global Color Table (3-bit).
Palette Anomaly: The palette contains redundant entries for almost identical colors. Specifically, the dark blue color of the water (11, 41, 71) is mapped to both index 1 and index 3.

In many steganography challenges involving GIFs or indexed PNGs, redundant palette indices are used to hide data. I wrote a script to isolate these two specific indices by extracting the frames and visualizing the pixels.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
from PIL import Image

if len(sys.argv) != 2:
    raise SystemExit("Usage: python palette.py CHALL.gif")
with Image.open(sys.argv[1]) as img:
    img.seek(0)
    if img.mode != "P":
        raise ValueError("First frame must retain the original palette indices")
    palette = img.getpalette()
    if palette is None or len(palette) < 12:
        raise ValueError("Missing palette entries 1 and 3")
    water = [11, 41, 71]
    if palette[3:6] != water or palette[9:12] != water:
        raise ValueError("Palette differs from the documented duplicate colors")
    width, height = img.size
    indices = list(img.get_flattened_data())
    for y in range(height):
        row = indices[y * width:(y + 1) * width]
        print("".join("#" if index == 1 else "." for index in row))

Run python palette.py CHALL.gif. The original first frame is read directly in palette mode, without RGB conversion or re-quantization. Later GIF frames may be composited into RGB by Pillow and are outside this extractor. The retained bitmap excerpt records the proposed flag; CHALL.gif is unavailable, so its palette, frame count and bitmap have not been rechecked. A synthetic indexed GIF checks index preservation and image-size bounds.

Retained bitmap excerpt:

.....................................#.....................................................#........
..................................####.....................................................####.....
..................................#...........................................................#.....
..................................#...#..#...#......#####......#####...#.######.######...##...#.....
...#..#.#####.#####.#####.#####...#..##..#...#......#...#......#......##.....#......#...#.#...#.....
...#..#.#.#.#.#...#.#.....#......##.#.#..##..#......#####......#.....#.#.....#......#..#..#...##....
...#..#.#.#.#.#####.###...###...##....#..#.#.#......#...#......#..##...#....#......#..#######..##...
...#..#.#...#.#...#...###...###..##...#..#.#.#......#...#......#..###..#...#......#.......#...##....
...#..#.#...#.#...#.....#.....#...#...#..#..##......#...#......#....#..#...#......#.......#...#.....
...####.#...#.#...#.#####.#####...#..###.#...#.####.#...#.####.######.###..#......#.......#...#.....
..................................#...........................................................#.....
..................................####.....................................................####.....
.....................................#.....................................................#........

Flag

UMASS{1N_A_G1774}

Initial Analysis

Solution

Flag